Kupatula kukopa kwake, njerwa (monga zomangira kunja) ndizokhazikika.Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, kuwonongeka kwake kumakhala kosapeweka.Chifukwa njerwa zimakhala ndi pobowole - zimakula kapena kutsika molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso kutentha - madzi amakhala pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse komanso chifukwa chachikulu chakuwonongeka kwa njerwa pa envelopu yomanga.Momwemonso kuletsa kuyenda mumayendedwe a maenvulopu omanga njerwa.
Mitundu Yomanga Khoma
Makoma akunja a njerwa amatha kugawidwa ngati makoma otchinga kapena makoma a ngalande.Makoma otchinga amapangidwa ndi miyala yolimba yopanda ngalande za ngalande.Zitha kupangidwa ndi mikanda imodzi kapena zingapo, zonse za njerwa, kapena ndi zida zomangira konkriti kapena terra cotta backup.Makoma angapo otchinga njerwa (ma wythe atatu kapena kupitilira apo) adapangidwa kuti aletse kulowa kwamadzi m'malo amkati kudzera muunyinji.Momwemo, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatengedwa ndi khoma pa nthawi yoperekedwa ndi yochepa kuposa momwe angatayire nthawi yomweyo.Pakhoma lotchinga lomangidwa ndi njerwa ziwiri (kapena makoma ophatikizika), cholumikizira cha kolala (cholimba cholimba ndi matope) chimalumikizana ndi njerwa yakumaso ndi zomangira zomangira.Madzi omwe amalowa mu njerwa ya kumaso amatsata chingwe cha kolala mpaka kung'anima komwe amatulutsidwa kudzera pa bedi ndi / kapena kulira, kapena amachoka pamaso pa khoma.
Makoma otayira madzi amapangidwa ndi zibowo pakati pa njerwa zakunja za njerwa zakumaso ndi makhoma akumbuyo (njerwa, mayunitsi a konkriti, zitsulo kapena matabwa).Momwemo, madzi omwe amalowa mu njerwa ya kumaso kapena kulowa m'bowo amasonkhanitsidwa pakuthwanima kumene amatulutsidwa kudzera pa bedi ndi / kapena kulira.
Pamene Njerwa Zakunja Zalephera
Zizindikiro zakuwonongeka kwa makoma akunja kwa njerwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kulowa m'madzi ndipo zimaphatikizapo madontho ndi efflorescence, kung'ambika / kuphulika / kusuntha, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mfundo zamatope, mwa zina.
Efflorescence imachitika pamene madzi atsuka mchere wosungunuka kuchokera mumatope ndi pamwamba pa njerwa.Zimawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta crystalline tomwe timapanga pa njerwa pamene madzi amawuka.
Njerwa zimatha kuchitika ngati madzi atamwedwa/kusungidwa ndi kuzizira kwa njerwa.Kukula kwachitsulo (zowonjezera zomangika kapena zingwe) kuchokera ku dzimbiri pamakoma a njerwa kungayambitsenso kusweka / kusamuka.
Tondo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njerwa, iyenera kukhala yofewa kuposa njerwa yomwe imamangiriza (kuti njerwa zisaphwanyike panthawi yokulitsa), ndipo ziyenera kuikidwa m'njira (zokhotakhota / zokhotakhota) zomwe zimalepheretsa kusonkhanitsa madzi mu mgwirizano.Kulozanso kumafunika pamene mgwirizano pakati pa njerwa ndi matope ukulephera.
Maudindo Othandizira (mashelufu) Ma angles ndi Mafupa Ofewa
Njerwa imakulitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi.Makona opumulira (mashelufu) ndi ofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti kuyenda kumayenda pakati pa njerwa zakumaso ndi makhoma am'mbuyo, komanso kuti ming'alu ndi kusamuka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kudziletsa kumachepetsedwa.Zolumikizira zofewa zomwe zimayikidwa m'makona opingasa (mashelufu), komanso poyang'anira mowongoka ndikukulitsa, zimathandizira kusuntha ndikupanga mpumulo pakukulitsa njerwa.